Political values are: "The values that an
individual possesses and that help them understand politics in one way or
another." A political value is what makes a person support a particular
ideology and reject or even oppose another. They tend to support a political
party that is more aligned with their values and whose ideas defend their interests.
The political ideas of individuals in any society are
divided into two main categories of beliefs: left and right. There is also the
center, which encompasses ideas that fall somewhere between left and right. The
left includes all beliefs that seek to eliminate the hierarchical structure in
societies (the wealthy classes, the middle class, and the lower classes). The
left is associated with ideas that seek to reform the democratic system and
lean more towards socialism and communism. It is also linked to anti-war values
and values that align with the civil rights and social liberties movements
emerging worldwide. On the other hand, the right seeks to maintain order in
society and support the hierarchy of its members by claiming that this order is
indispensable for the proper functioning of a country. Political values in
modern political thought include freedom, sovereignty, security, equality, and
wealth.
From an Islamic perspective, Islamic law (Sharia) does
not prescribe a detailed political system. Rather, it establishes general
values that it demands be present in any sound political system. These values
are justice, consultation (Shura), equality, and freedom. The details of the
political system are left to human interpretation, but within the framework of
these four values. Any political system, regardless of its name, that achieves
these four values is called a sound Islamic system. If these four values
are absent, it cannot be called a sound Islamic system.
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