PrayerTimes in the Noble Sunnah
The Sunnah explained, clarified, and
established the times of prayer. It was narrated on the authority of Abdullah
ibn Mas'ud that he said, "The polytheists distracted the Prophet, peace
and blessings be upon him, from four prayers on the day of the Battle of the
Trench. So he ordered Bilal to give the call to prayer, then he gave the iqamah
and prayed Dhuhr. Then he gave the iqamah and prayed Asr. Then he gave the
iqamah and prayed Maghrib. Then he gave the iqamah and prayed Isha."
(Source: Sahih al-Nasa'i; Summary of the Hadith scholar's ruling (Al-Albani):
Sahih [due to supporting evidence]). As for determining the number of rak'ahs
in the prayers that It is more than two rak'ahs, as it comes through the Sunnah
of the Prophet. It was narrated on the authority of Malik ibn al-Huwayrith that
he said, "Shall I not tell you about the prayer of the Messenger of Allah,
peace and blessings be upon him?" He said, "And that was outside of
the time of prayer. So he stood up, then he bowed and said the takbir, then he
raised his head, then he stood for a short while, then he prostrated, then he
raised his head for a short while, and he prayed the prayer of 'Amr ibn
Salamah. Our sheikh, Ayyub, said, "He used to do something that I did not
see them do." He would sit during the third and fourth rak'ahs. He said,
"So we came to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and we
stayed with him." He said, "If you return to your families, pray such
and such a prayer at such and such a time." Then pray such and such a
prayer at such and such a time. And when the time for prayer comes, let one of
you call the adhan, and let the eldest among you lead you in prayer. (Source:
Sahih al-Bukhari; Summary of the hadith scholar's ruling (al-Bukhari): Sahih).
In this hadith, Malik ibn al-Huwayrith, may God be pleased with him, explains
to his companions how the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed.
And from the letter of our master Ali,
peace be upon him, to the rulers of the lands concerning the meaning of prayer:
“As for what follows, lead the people in the noon prayer until the sun has
passed its zenith (1). Lead them in the afternoon prayer while the sun is still
bright and shining, at a time when one can travel two farsakhs (2). Lead them
in the sunset prayer when the fasting person breaks their fast and the pilgrim
departs (3). Lead them in the night prayer when the twilight has disappeared
until a third of the night has passed. Lead them in the dawn prayer when a man
can recognize his companion's face. Lead them in prayer according to the
weakest among them, and do not be a cause of discord.” It is said that the sun
should cast a shadow on the wall of the enclosure equal to its length, meaning
that the shadow of everything should be equal to its length. This means that
you should continue to pray the afternoon prayer with them from the end of the
time for the noon prayer as long as the sun is still bright and has not turned
yellow, and this is during a portion of the day that allows for a journey of
two farsakhs. The pronoun in "in it" refers to the limb, considering
it as a period. The pilgrim departs, meaning he departs from Arafat. This means
that the imam should not cause discord among the followers.
The manner of prayer in the Prophet's
Sunnah
The Prophetic Sunnah has detailed the
manner of prayer, beginning with purification. It is narrated on the authority
of Amr ibn Abasah that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him
peace, said, “…There is no man among you who brings his ablution water close,
rinses his mouth, sniffs water into his nostrils, and then blows it out…”
Except that the sins of his face, mouth, and nostrils fall away. Then, when he
washes his face as God has commanded, the sins of his face fall away from the
tips of his beard with the water. Then, when he washes his hands up to the
elbows, the sins of his hands fall away from his fingertips with the water.
Then, when he wipes his head, the sins of his head fall away from the tips of
his hair with the water. Then, when he washes his feet up to the ankles, the
sins of his head fall away. The sins of his feet from his toes with the water,
then if he gets up and prays, he praises God and glorifies Him, and extols Him
with what He deserves, and empties his heart for God; Except that he will
return from his sin as he was on the day his mother gave birth to him… (Source:
Sahih Muslim; Hadith classification: Sahih).
Then, after performing ablution and
entering the mosque, the Sunnah of the noble Sunnah is to pray two rak'ahs as a
greeting to the mosque, as narrated on the authority of Abu Qatada al-Harith
ibn Rib'i, who said, “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him,
said, ‘When one of you enters the mosque, let him pray two rak'ahs before
sitting down.’” (Source: Sahih al-Bukhari; Hadith classification: Sahih). (This
is called the greeting to the mosque). This is a general ruling for entering
all mosques except the Sacred Mosque (in Mecca). The greeting of the mosque is
circumambulating the Kaaba seven times. This hadith specifically applies to
someone who enters the mosque before the obligatory prayer has begun. If the
prayer has begun, joining it takes precedence over these two rak'ahs. The hadith
also encourages praying two rak'ahs as a greeting to the mosque before sitting
down.
As for the manner of the prayer, it
is detailed in what was narrated on the authority of Abu Hurairah, who said: A
man entered the mosque while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be
upon him) was sitting in a corner. He prayed, then came and greeted him. The
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him... And he
greeted him: “Peace be upon you. Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.” So
he went back and prayed, then came and greeted him again, and he said, “Peace
be upon you. Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.” Then on the second
time, or on the one after that, he said, “Teach me, O Messenger of God.” So he
said, “When you stand up…” When you go to prayer, perform ablution thoroughly,
then face the Qibla and say "Allahu Akbar" (God is Greatest). Then
recite whatever you can of the Quran. Then bow until you are at ease in bowing.
Then rise until you are standing upright. Then prostrate until you are at ease
in prostration. Then rise until you are at ease sitting. Then prostrate until
you are at ease in prostration. Then rise until you are at ease sitting. Then
do that. In all your prayers. And Abu Usamah said, at the end, "Until you
stand upright" (Source: Sahih al-Bukhari; Summary of the Hadith scholar's
ruling (al-Bukhari): Sahih). It was also narrated on the authority of Abu
Mas'ud Uqbah ibn Amr: - that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz delayed the prayer one day,
so Urwah ibn al-Zubayr entered upon him and informed him that al-Mughirah ibn
Shu'bah delayed the prayer one day while he was in Kufa, so Abu Mas'ud
al-Ansari entered upon him and said, "What is this?" O Mughirah, did
you not know that Gabriel descended and prayed, and the Messenger of Allah, may
God bless him and grant him peace, prayed, then he prayed, and the Messenger of
God, may God bless him and grant him peace, prayed, then he prayed, and the
Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, prayed, then he
prayed, and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace,
prayed, then he prayed, and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant
him peace, prayed, then he said, "This is what I was commanded to
do." Umar said to Urwah, "Consider what you are saying, Urwah. Did
Gabriel, peace be upon him, call the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be
upon him, to prayer?" Urwah replied, "That is what Bashir ibn Abi
Mas'ud used to say, narrating from his father." (Source: Sahih Muslim;
Hadith classification: Sahih).
It was narrated on the authority of
Fakhtah bint Abi Talib, Umm Hani, that she said: “No one told us that he saw
the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, praying Duha except Umm
Hani. She said: ‘The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, entered my
house on the day of the conquest of Mecca, performed ablution, and prayed eight
rak’ahs. I have never seen a prayer lighter than it, yet he performed the
bowing and prostration perfectly.’” (Source: Sahih al-Bukhari; Summary of the
Hadith scholar’s ruling (al-Bukhari): Authentic).
It was narrated on the authority of
al-Bara' ibn Hazib that he said, "When you prostrate, place your palms on
the ground and raise your elbows." (Source: Sahih Muslim; Hadith
classification: Sahih).
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