Fruits are a group of simple fruits (or drupes) that develop from the free pistil of the carpel. They include:
1. Follicles: The fruit consists of two drupes, as in the Calotropis procera plant. It also consists of three drupes, as in the Aconitum plant. It consists of many drupes, as in the Goblin's Powder (Figure 1).
2. Achenes: The fruit consists of several achenes, as in the rose, strawberry, and lotus (Figure 2).
3. Drupelets: The fruit consists of several drupes, as in the raspberry. This fruit is characterized by its fleshy receptacle (Figure 3).
4. Samaras: A winged achene is a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple indehiscent dry fruit. Common examples of trees that produce samaras include maple (Acer), ash (Fraxinus), and elm (Ulmus) (Figure 4).
5. Berries: Each carpel develops into a small berry. For example, sugar apple (Annona spp.) fruit are made up of individual berry-like pistils fused with the receptacle (Figure 5).
References
Feldkamp S. 2002. Modern
Biology. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. p. 634.
Mauseth
JD.2003. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology.
Jones and Bartlett. pp. 271–72.
Mauseth J D.(2003). Botany:
an introduction to plant biology. Boston: Jones and
Bartlett Publishers. p. 258.
Rost
TL, Weier TE, WTE. 1979. Botany: a brief
introduction to plant biology. New York: Wiley. pp. 135–37.
Singh G. 2004. Plants
Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science
Publishers. p. 83.
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