Umm
Sulaym bint Malik ibn Haram ibn al-Najjar was one of the female companions of
the Prophet Muhammad who fought in the cause of Islam. She participated in the
battles of Uhud and Hunayn.
Before
Islam, she married Malik ibn al-Nadr, the father of Anas ibn Malik, and bore
him Anas. He was later killed in action. She then embraced Islam, and Abu Talha
proposed to her, but she refused because he was a polytheist. She invited him
to Islam, and he converted. His conversion was her dowry, and she bore him
Abdullah and Abu Umayr. She was known for her wisdom and intelligence. It was
narrated about her: “Abu Talha lost a son, and Umm Sulaym said, ‘Do not tell
Abu Talha until I tell him myself.’ So she covered him with a blanket. When Abu
Talha came, she placed food before him, and he ate. Then she perfumed herself
for him, and he had relations with her, and she conceived a boy (the boy being
Abu Umayr, whom the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to playfully
call, ‘O Abu Umayr, what happened to the little bird?’). She said, “O Abu
Talha, the family of so-and-so borrowed something from the family of so-and-so,
and they sent to them…” They sent back our loan, but they refused to return it.
Abu Talha said, "They have no right to do that; a loan must be returned to
its owner." She said, "Your son was a loan from God, the Exalted and
Glorified, and God, the Exalted and Glorified, has taken him back." So he
said, "To God we belong, and to Him we shall return." Anas said,
"The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was informed of this, and
he said, 'May God bless them both in their night.'"
She
was known for her boldness and courage. It was narrated about her that on the
day of Hunayn, she took a dagger with her. Abu Talha saw her and said, "O
Messenger of God, this is Umm Sulaym with her." A dagger. The Messenger of
God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said to her, "What is this
dagger?" She said, “I have taken it so that if any of the polytheists
comes near me, I will rip open his stomach with it.” (Narrated by Anas ibn
Malik; Source: Takhrij al-Musnad by Shu’ayb).
Out
of her love for the Messenger, she followed his example. Anas ibn Malik
narrated: “The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, entered upon Umm
Sulaym, and a waterskin was hanging there. He drank from the mouth of the skin
while standing, so Umm Sulaym went to the top of the skin and cut it open.”
(Source: Mukhtasar al-Shama’i; Summary of the Hadith scholar’s ruling
(al-Albani): Authentic).
She
was known for her jurisprudence and knowledge. It was narrated about her: “The
people of Medina They asked Ibn Abbas (may God be pleased with them both) about
a woman who performed Tawaf and then began menstruating. He told them,
"She should leave." They said, "We will not accept your opinion
and will disregard the opinion of Zayd." He said, "When you arrive in
Medina, ask." So they arrived in Medina and asked. Among those they asked
was Umm Sulaym, and she mentioned the hadith of Sayyida Safiyya (narrated by
Umm Sulaym bint Milhan, the mother of Anas ibn Malik; Source: Sahih
al-Bukhari). The hadith of Safiyya, as narrated by the Mother of the Believers,
Aisha (may God be pleased with her), is summarized as follows: The Companions
(may God be pleased with them both) They, may God bless them and grant them
peace, went out with the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, on the
Farewell Pilgrimage in the tenth year of the Hijra, intending only to perform
Hajj. They did not mention Umrah, as was their custom of not performing it
during the Hajj months. When they arrived in Mecca, the Prophet, may God bless
him and grant him peace, his wives, and his companions performed the Tawaf of
Umrah and Sa'i between Safa and Marwa. The Mother of the Believers, Aisha, may
God be pleased with her, did not perform Tawaf because of her menstruation. So
the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, commanded those who had not
brought sacrificial animals with them from outside Mecca to exit their state of
Ihram and continue their Hajj rituals until the Hajj season began. The rituals
of Hajj: His wives, may God bless him and grant him peace, did not bring
sacrificial animals, so they exited the state of ihram. Aisha, may God be
pleased with her, was among them, but she was prevented from exiting ihram
because she menstruated the night before entering Mecca. She had been in ihram
for Umrah, and she combined it with Hajj, thus becoming a pilgrim performing
both Hajj and Umrah together. Her menstruation began in Sarif before she
entered Mecca. Sarif is the name of a place ten miles from Mecca. Therefore,
she did not perform the Umrah circumambulation of the Kaaba due to her
menstrual period. As for the Tawaf al-Ifadah, she performed it on the day of...
the sacrifice, and they all performed the Hajj rituals completely. She said,
"When it was the night of the pebbles—which is the night they camped at
al-Muhassab, the place they camped at after departing from Mina to outside
Mecca, a wide area between Mecca and Mina, between the two mountains leading to
the cemeteries—it was named so because of the pebbles that gathered there due
to the floodwaters carrying them." It is also known as al-Abtah and is now
called al-Ja'fariyah, which is part of the Jumayzah district—she said to the
Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "The people will return with a
separate Umrah from Hajj, and I will return with Hajj but without Umrah."
I do not have an Umrah separate from Hajj. She was keen on this, may God be
pleased with her, to increase the number of acts, as happened with the other
Mothers of the Believers and others. The Companions who changed their Hajj to
Umrah and completed the Umrah and exited it before the Day of Tarwiyah and
entered into Ihram for Hajj on the Day of Tarwiyah from Mecca, so they obtained
a separate Hajj and a separate Umrah. As for Aisha, may God be pleased with
her, she only obtained an Umrah included in a Hajj by combining it with the
Hajj, so she wanted a separate Umrah as happened to the rest of the people. The
Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, ordered Aisha, may God be
pleased with her, to go with her brother Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, may God be
pleased with them both, to al-Tan’im—which is a place three or four miles from
Mecca, the closest of the outskirts of the sanctuary to the House, and it was
named so because on its right is Mount Nu’aym, and on its left is Mount Na’im,
and the valley is called Nu’man. - to enter into ihram for Umrah, to please her
heart, then he made their appointment to return to al-Muhassab after she had
finished her Umrah. The Mother of the Believers, Aisha (may God be pleased with
her), narrated that the Mother of the Believers, Safiyyah bint Huyayy (may God
be pleased with her), menstruated after performing the Tawaf al-Ifadah (the
obligatory circumambulation of the Kaaba). The Prophet (peace and blessings be
upon him) thought that she had menstruated before the Tawaf al-Ifadah, so he
said, “May she be afflicted with a sore throat,” meaning, “May God afflict her
with a sore throat and cause her pain.” This is something that came to their
tongues unintentionally, so the intention was not the literal meaning of the
supplication, but rather it is an expression that the Arabs used loosely, so
they would say it without intending its literal meaning. It is like their
saying, “May his hands be covered in dust.” And so on. The Prophet, may God’s
prayers and peace be upon him, inquired about this, saying, “Is she going to
detain us?” Meaning: Are we obliged to stay until she purifies herself and
performs the Tawaf al-Ifadah? It was said to him: Safiyyah had performed the
Tawaf al-Ifadah (the obligatory circumambulation of the Kaaba), or Aisha, may
God be pleased with her, informed him that she had performed it with them. When
he learned of this, his fear of having to wait until Safiyyah purified herself
to perform the Tawaf al-Ifadah was removed, and he permitted them to depart. He
also granted permission to the Mother of the Believers, Safiyyah, may God be
pleased with her, to omit the Tawaf al-Wada' (the farewell circumambulation).
Then,
the Mother of the Believers, Aisha, may God be pleased with her, recounted that
after she had performed the rituals of Umrah, the Prophet, peace and blessings
be upon him, met her at al-Muhassab, as he was beginning his journey from Mecca.
She is descending upon it or ascending from it.
The
hadith also mentions the exemption of a menstruating woman from the Farewell
Tawaf. It further establishes the permissibility of performing Umrah during the
Hajj season. Additionally, it stipulates the requirement of ritual purity for
Tawaf; a menstruating woman should not perform Tawaf until she is ritually
pure.
She
was a narrator of hadith, and several Companions, both men and women, narrated
hadiths from her, including Aisha, the Mother of the Believers (may God be
pleased with her), Khawla bint Hakim, Umm Salama, her son Anas, and Abu Umama
ibn Sahl.
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